Nanowire Zinc Oxide MOSFET Pressure Sensor

Fabrication and characterization of a new kind of pressure sensor using self-assembly Zinc Oxide (ZnO) nanowires on top of the gate of a Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistor (MOSFET) is presented. Self-assembly ZnO nanowires were fabricated with a diameter of 80 nm and 800 nm height (80:8 aspect ratio) on top of the gate of the MOSFET. The sensor showed a 110% response in the drain current due to pressure, even with the expected piezoresistive response of the silicon device removed from the measurement. The pressure sensor was fabricated through low temperature bottom up ultrahigh aspect ratio ZnO nanowire growth using anodic alumina oxide (AAO) templates. The pressure sensor has two main components: MOSFET and ZnO nanowires. Silicon Dioxide growth, photolithography, dopant diffusion, and aluminum metallization were used to fabricate a basic MOSFET. In the other hand, a combination of aluminum anodization, alumina barrier layer removal, ZnO atomic layer deposition (ALD), and wet etching for nanowire release were optimized to fabricate the sensor on a silicon wafer. The ZnO nanowire fabrication sequence presented is at low temperature making it compatible with CMOS technology

Low-temperature Fabrication Process for Integrated High-Aspect Ratio Metal Oxide Nanostructure Semiconductor Gas Sensors

This work presents a new low-temperature fabrication process of metal oxide nanostructures that allows high-aspect ratio zinc oxide (ZnO) and titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanowires and nanotubes to be readily integrated with microelectronic devices for sensor applications. This process relies on a new method of forming a close-packed array of self-assembled high-aspect-ratio nanopores in an anodized aluminum oxide (AAO) template in a thin (2.5 µm) aluminum film deposited on a silicon and lithium niobate substrate (LiNbO3). This technique is in sharp contrast to traditional free-standing thick film methods and the use of an integrated thin aluminum film greatly enhances the utility of such methods. We have demonstrated the method by integrating ZnO nanowires, TiO2 nanowires, and multiwall TiO2 nanotubes onto the metal gate of a MOSFET (Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistor), and the delay line of a surface acoustic wave (SAW) device to form an integrated ChemFET (Chemical Field-Effect Transistor) and a orthogonal frequency coded (OFC) SAW gas sensor. The resulting metal oxide nanostructures of 1-1.7 µm in height and 40-100 nm in diameter offer an increase of up to 220X the surface area over a standard flat metal oxide film for sensing applications. The metal oxide nanostructures were characterized by SEM, EDX, TEM and Hall measurements to verify stoichiometry, crystal structure and electrical properties. Additionally, the electrical response of ChemFETs and OFC SAW gas sensors with ZnO nanowires, TiO2 nanowires, and multiwall TiO2 nanotubes were measured using 5-200 ppm ammonia as a target gas at room temperature (24ºC) showing high sensitivity and reproducible testing results

OVA para la enseñanza del concepto de área en el grado cuarto “de lo cotidiano a la abstracción”

El presente proyecto se ha generado a partir de la práctica pedagógica diaria llevada en el Colegio Estanislao Zuleta Institución Educativa Distrital, que está ubicado en la localidad quinta (Usme) de la ciudad de Bogotá D.C. , en esta Institución se pudo evidenciar la dificultad en los estudiantes del grado cuarto de primaria para comprender de manera pertinente el concepto de área como medición de la magnitud superficie, esa situación sirve como base para plantear una iniciativa que lleva a la búsqueda de una estrategia pedagógica que integre herramientas tecnológicas, con el ánimo de posibilitar un contexto propicio para una didáctica pertinente de la enseñanza del concepto de área. La problemática evidenciada queda sintetizada inicialmente mediante el siguiente cuestionamiento: ¿Cómo generar un aprendizaje significativo en la comprensión del concepto de área a través de la implementación de un objeto virtual de aprendizaje con los estudiantes del grado cuarto de la básica primaria del Colegio Estanislao Zuleta Institución Educativa Distrital? La búsqueda de una respuesta a dicho interrogante hace posible definir un propósito claro, que funge como meta para estructurar una secuencia didáctica claramente intencionada en la cual se busca diseñar e implementar un objeto virtual de aprendizaje como estrategia pedagógica de trabajo matemático significativo en el contexto arriba mencionado, que permita tanto a los docentes como a los estudiantes del grado cuarto recrear una nueva forma de acercarse al concepto de área de manera agradable, significativa y reflexiva. El diseño de la propuesta siguió los lineamientos de la metodología basada en la Investigación Acción Pedagógica que incluye en todos los prototipos de ésta, tres fases que se repiten una y otra vez, siempre con el fin de transformar la práctica y buscar mejorarla permanentemente. Estas fases son: la reflexión sobre un área problemática, la planeación y la ejecución de acciones alternativas para mejorar la situación problemática. Como resultado final del proyecto se obtiene una secuencia didáctica que inicia en el aula y termina con la implementación de un OVA, dicha secuencia tiene en cuenta la particularidad de iniciar un trabajo con elementos concretos y cotidianos, para culminar en la última con un proceso de abstracción mediante actividades netamente virtuales en las cuales el estudiante puede realizar el proceso de cálculo de áreas con un alto componente de abstracción.The present project has been generated from the daily pedagogical practice carried out in the Estanislao Zuleta School District Educational Institution, which is located in the fifth locality (Usme) of the city of Bogotá D.C. , in this Institution it was possible to demonstrate the difficulty in the students of the fourth grade of primary school to understand in a pertinent way the concept of area as a measure of the surface magnitude, this situation serves as a basis to propose an initiative that leads to the search of a strategy pedagogical that integrates technological tools, with the aim of enabling an appropriate context for a relevant didactic of teaching the concept of area. The problematic evidenced is synthesized initially by means of the following questioning: How the Virtual Learning Object allows to strengthen the understanding of the concept of area, in the subject of Mathematics, in the students of the fourth grade of the elementary school of the Estanislao Zuleta School District Educational Institution? The search for an answer to this question makes it possible to define a clear purpose, which serves as a goal to structure a clearly intentional didactic sequence in which it seeks to design and implement a virtual learning object as a pedagogical strategy of meaningful learning mathematical work in the context above. Mentioned, that allows both teachers and fourth grade students to recreate a new way of approaching the concept of area in a pleasant, meaningful learning and reflective manner. The design of the proposal followed the guidelines of the methodology based on the I-A-Ped that includes in all the prototypes of this, three phases that are repeated again and again, always in order to transform the practice and seek to improve it permanently. These phases are: the reflection on a problematic area, the planning and the execution of alternative actions to improve the problematic situation. The final result of the project is a didactic sequence that starts in the classroom and ends with the implementation of an OVA, this sequence takes into account the particularity of starting a work with concrete and everyday elements, to culminate in the last one with a process of Abstraction through purely virtual activities in which the student can perform the process of calculating areas with a high component of abstraction

Plan de negocios para la producción y comercialización de plataformas de elevación para medios de transporte masivo

Administrador (a) de EmpresasPregrad

As rotas para conduzir o processo de transição energética de baixo carbono no setor elétrico: uma análise comparativa da Alemanha e o Japão

O seguinte trabalho analisa as rotas de política pública para a conduzir a transição energética de baixo carbono desde uma perspectiva comparada dos casos da Alemanha e Japão. Para isso foi realizada uma pesquisa de qualitativa a partir do estudo comparativo de ambos os países com base na literatura sobre policy mix. Dessa forma, foi realizado um mapeamento dos pacotes de política pública adotados em cada país para conduzir a descarbonização da matriz elétrica permitindo identificar o tipo de instrumentos considerados, o escopo dos esforços governamentais implementados, e as opções tecnológicas contempladas para substituir as fontes fosseis. Entre os principais resultados, encontrou-se que as políticas de incentivo ao aumento da capacidade de geração de eletricidade a partir de fontes renováveis estão transitando de esquemas de precificação com impacto na tarifa dos consumidores para o estabelecimento de esquemas de precificação que respondam à sinais de mercado, em decorrência da redução dos custos de instalação e geração de eletricidade a partir das fontes renováveis variáveis. O estudo identificou diferenças nas opções tecnológicas consideradas para impulsionar a descarbonização, tendo como elemento notável, a desativação da geração a energia nuclear na Alemanha e a reativação dessa fonte no Japão.  Em ambos os casos, identificou-se as políticas públicas também caminham para a adaptação dos sistemas de elétricos à dinâmica das fontes renováveis variáveis. Finalmente, o escopo das políticas governamentais dos dois países almeja o impulso do desenvolvimento econômico através da construção de nova capacidade produtiva e tecnológica. The following paper analyzes the public policy paths to drive the low-carbon energy transition from a comparative perspective between the German and Japanese cases. For this purpose, qualitative research was carried out based on the comparative study between both countries and of literature about Policy Mix. Therefore, a mapping of the public policy packages adopted in each country to drive the decarbonization of the electric matrix was performed, allowing to identify the type of instruments considered, the scope of the governmental efforts implemented, and the technological options contemplated to replace fossil sources. Among the main results, it was found that the incentive policies to increase the capacity to generate electricity from renewable sources are moving from pricing schemes with an impact on the consumers' tariffs to the establishment of pricing schemes that respond to market signals, due to the reduction of the installation and electricity generation costs from variable renewable sources. The study identified differences in the technological options considered to drive decarbonization, such as phasing out nuclear power generation in Germany and its reactivation in Japan. In both cases, it was identified that public policies are also moving towards an adaptation of the electricity systems to the dynamics of variable renewable sources. Finally, the scope of the governmental policies in both countries aims at boosting economic development through the construction of new productive and technological capacity

Definición e implementación de un sistema de almacenamiento y respaldo de datos e información seguro para el Servicio Geológico Colombiano –SGC- sede CAN

La información es uno de los principales recursos dentro de la organización, siendo esta uno de los factores de los cuales dependa el éxito o el fracaso de esta. En el transcurso del tiempo se ha venido presentando la necesidad de implementar nuevas y mejores prácticas en el uso de herramientas para el manejo de información a nivel empresarial, debido a que es el activo más importante de una organización y debe ser integra, confidencial y disponible; por ello es de gran importancia tener un respaldo continuo de esta con el fin de evitar pérdidas, robos y alteraciones provocados por el hombre. Debido al constante desarrollo que se ha venido presentando en la tecnología se han incrementado las amenazas en contra de los activos de información, en la cual puede perderse o dañarse debido a errores involuntarios o por desconocimiento por parte de los usuarios. Para tal fin se debe contar con unos mecanismos que ayuden a garantizar tanto la seguridad como la integridad de la información, con la oportuna recuperación, para así poder evitar grandes pérdidas económicas y largos periodos de inactividad, en la entidad.Information is one of the main resources within the organization, this being one of the factors on which the success or failure of this depends. In the course of time, the need to implement new and better practices in the use of tools for information management at the business level has been presented, because it is the most important asset of an organization and must be integrated, confidential and available ; It is therefore of great importance to have a continuous support of this in order to avoid losses, thefts and alterations caused by man. Due to the constant development that has been presented in the technology, threats against information assets have increased, in which it can be lost or damaged due to involuntary errors or ignorance on the part of users

La transformación social de la comunidad influenciada por el proceso de la Fundación Tchyminigagua, a través del arte, la cultura, la política y la educación (1985 – 2016)

TablasCon esta investigación se busca identificar y evaluar el impacto que un proyecto, preocupado por la educación, la cultura y la política, puede llegar a tener en una comunidad. En miras de describir las formas en las que se puede aportar para la transformación social a partir de la educación no formal se espera que, con este estudio etnográfico, recopilando las narraciones biografías y autobiográficas de las personas que se han involucrado de una u otra manera con ese proyecto y contrastando con los estudios realizados por expertos en el tema se propenda por proyectos preocupados por la transformación social. Algunos de estos proyectos son Arena y Esteras, Las Xl, Las Hormigas, Pallasos en Rebeldia, la Fundación Tchyminigagua, etc. Posterior al año 1985 Bogotá, debido al rápido crecimiento urbanístico, la densidad poblacional y los desplazamientos de personas desde las demás ciudades al distrito capital, se generaron migraciones hacia la periferia ampliando el terreno de la ciudad y con ello la creación de nuevos barrios especialmente en localidades como Bosa. De esta manera considerando estas variables, la constitución de múltiples barrios y las condiciones en las que estaban, se iniciaron movimientos sociales buscando garantizar el bienestar de la comunidad y la mejora de sus condiciones. De esta manera encontramos el caso de la Fundación Tchyminigagua, donde se ha consolidado un proyecto de desarrollo social, cultural y político a través de la educación no formal, posibilitando nuevos escenarios y posibilidades para la población de esta localidad. Por lo que en este estudio se documenta su trascendencia en términos de transformación social posibilitada desde la Fundación Tchyminigagua.With this research is to identify and assess the impact of a project concerned with education, culture and politics can have on a community. In order to describe the ways in which it can contribute to the social transformation from non-formal education is expected that with this ethnographic study, compiling biographies and autobiographical narratives of people who have been involved in one way or another with this project and in contrast to studies conducted by experts on the topic aims for projects concerned with social transformation. Some of these projects are Arena and mats, Xl, Ants, Pallasos in absentia, the Tchyminigagua Foundation, etc. After the year 1985 Bogotá, due to rapid urban growth, population density and displacement of people from other cities in the capital district, migration to the periphery were generated by expanding the area of ​​the city and thus the creation of new districts especially in places like Bosa. Thus considering these variables, the establishment of multiple neighborhoods and the conditions in which they were, social movements began seeking to ensure the welfare of the community and improving their conditions. Thus we find the case of the Tchyminigagua Foundation, which has established a project of social, cultural and political development through non-formal education, enabling new scenarios and possibilities for the population of this town. So in this study it documented its importance in terms of social transformation made possible from the Tchyminigagua Foundation

Arquitectura empresarial para la dirección de gestión de información del Servicio Geológico Colombiano –SGC-, basado en el marco de referencia TOGAF 9.1

Se realizará la implementación de una Arquitectura Empresarial, el cual permitirá pasar de una Arquitectura Actual a una Arquitectura Objetivo, de acuerdo a las necesidades del negocio, basado en el Marco de Trabajo TOGAF 9.1, hasta la fase E “Oportunidades y Soluciones”, del método de Desarrollo de Arquitectura ADM, obtener un modelo definido y compatible para la Dirección de Gestión de Información del Servicio Geológico Colombiano - SGC. Debido a esto se propone, en el Servicio Geológico Colombiano - SGC, la Dirección de Gestión de Información, el perfeccionamiento de la Arquitectura Empresarial, realizando una actualización con los nuevos métodos agiles y procedimientos que durante años ha venido sufriendo cambios acelerados en sus infraestructuras tecnológicas, Sistemas de Información y el personal colaborador, con el fin de asegurar una interacción ideal entre los modelos de gestión y las necesidades reales para atender los requerimientos de esta entidad. Finalmente, la construcción de un mapa o ruta a seguir del modelo de gestión propuesto y practicado en años, siendo actualizado tecnológicamente con los cambios y alineados en el objeto de negocio de la organización, con el propósito de alcanzar el cumplimiento de los objetivos estratégicos, surgiendo así el término de la Arquitectura Empresarial.This degree project will carry out the implementation of a Business Architecture, which will allow to go from a Current Architecture to an Objective Architecture, according to the needs of the business, based on the TOGAF 9.1 Framework, until phase E "Opportunities and Solutions”, from the ADM Architecture Development method, to obtain a defined and compatible model for the Information Management Directorate of the Colombian Geological Service - SGC. Due to this it is proposed, in the Colombian Geological Service - SGC, the Information Management Directorate, the improvement of the business architecture, carrying out an update with the new agile methods and procedures that for years has been undergoing accelerated changes in its technological infrastructures, Information Systems and collaborating personnel, in order to ensure an ideal interaction between the management models and the real needs to meet the requirements of this entity. Finally, the construction of a map or route to follow of the management model proposed and practiced in years, being technologically updated with the changes and aligned in the organization's business object, in order to achieve the fulfillment of the strategic objectives, thus emerging the term of Enterprise Architecture

Considerações sobre espaços-tempos LRS Bianchi-I

In this text we study the Einstein equations in the spatially flat spacetimes (Bianchi-I) which are endowed with an extra locally rotational symmetry (LRS). We develop a new local coordinate representation where we use the components of the energy-momentum tensor directly in the metric, the energy density being the "time" coordinate. As an application, some general classes of exact solutions are obtained which are of physical and mathematical interest. In particular, the general barotropic perfect fluid solution is given, p = p( ).Agência 1Neste texto estudamos as equações de Einstein em espaços-tempos espacialmente planos (Bianchi-I) que são dotados de uma simetria extra, a saber, localmente rotacional (LRS). Desenvolvemos uma nova representação local de coordenadas na qual usamos as componentes do tensor de energia-momento diretamente na métrica, sendo a densidade de energia a coordenada tipo "tempo". Como aplicação, são obtidas classes gerais de soluções exatas, que são de interesses físico e matemático. Em particular, é fornecida a solução geral com um fluido perfeito barotrópico, p = p( )